Wednesday, December 30, 2009
UNTUNG SAMA-SAMA
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
UNO DI MANA-MANA...
Di bawah saya post kan sedikit tentang sejarah dan maklumat mengenai UNO...
UNO CARDS GAME
Uno (pronounced /ˈuːno/) (Italian and Spanish for 'one') is a card game played with a specially printed deck. The game was originally developed in 1971 by Merle Robbins, whose son was a social Studies teacher at Reading Hilltop Elementary School in Reading, Ohio, a suburb of Cincinnati. It is now a Mattel product. The game's general principles put it into the Crazy Eights family of card games.
The game's slogans have included "The Colored Card Game", "You know" and "You get one, you get Uno".
Official Rules
The deck consists of cards of 4 colors: red, green, blue, and yellow. The ranks in each color are 0-9. There are 3 "action" cards in each color, labeled "skip", "draw two", and "reverse". There are also special black action cards, "wild" and "wild draw four". There are two copies of each colored regular and action card, except for the zero card, which only have one per suit. There are four "wild" and "wild draw four" cards each, producing a total of 108 cards. In older versions, only the 6 is underlined to distinguish it from the 9, which is not marked; newer versions have both the 6 and the 9 underlined to further distinguish the two ranks.
Before playing, a dealer must be selected. This is accomplished by drawing cards. The person with the card of the highest face value is the dealer. Only number cards are used for this purpose. Any other cards are then put back into the deck.
After the dealer has been selected, seven cards are dealt to each player, and the top card of the stock is exposed to start the discard pile. If the exposed card has a special ability, it is treated as if the dealer played that card, and the special effect occurs (i.e., skip, draw two, reverse, or wild). If the exposed card is a wild draw four, however, it is returned to the deck and the next card is exposed. Play begins with the person to the left of the dealer, i.e. clockwise.
At each turn, a player may play a card from their hand that matches either the color or rank (or both) of the top exposed card, or play a wild or wild draw four. If a player has no legal card to play, that player draws the top card of the stock, and may either play it or place it in their hand. If a player decides not to place a card and draws instead there is no penalty. After playing a single card or drawing, the next player clockwise takes a turn, or counter-clockwise when a reverse is in effect. If the stock is emptied, the discard pile is shuffled and turned over to replenish the stock.
When a player plays down to only one card, that player is required to say "uno" to warn other players. The hand is over when one player has discarded all of their cards.
After a player plays all their cards, the other players count the number of points pertaining to the values of the cards in their hands. Number cards are face value, colored special cards worth twenty, and wilds worth fifty. The first player to go out receives points for the cards left in his/her opponents' hands. The first person to reach a certain point value (officially 500) wins.
-Draw Two
If there are only two players, the Reverse card is treated as a Skip card:[2] the next player must skip their turn.
The newer style English Uno action cards bear symbols which denote their action, except for the Wild cards which still bear the word "Wild." Before the design change, such cards in English versions of the game bear letters. Especially old English versions can be denoted by the absence of the white rim that surrounds the edge of most Uno cards. Other versions also use symbols and images in both old and new designs, especially those with Wild cards that do not bear the word "Wild." The Xbox 360 version of the game uses the new English style of the cards in gameplay. There are also language-free versions of the newer styles Uno action cards that do not bear the word "Wild" but have the same styling.
Penalties
From the official Uno rules:
* A player who forgets to say "uno" after his/her second-to-last card touches the discard pile, but remembers (and shouts "uno") before any other player challenges them, is safe and is not subject to the penalty. When another player calls out "uno", the player with one card must draw 2 cards.
Strategy
A basic strategy involves playing the legal card with the highest point value. This is a simple way to minimize points held in the hand at the end of the round, but fails to account for the utility of holding wilds and draw fours near the end of the game.
It is important to note that playing a 0 is more likely to prevent the color from changing than playing any other card of a given color.
Little has been published on the optimal strategy for the Uno game. Simulations of Uno games may shed some light on the matter, but the game solution is likely to be very complex. This is because attempts to reduce point count in the player's hands can be "read" by other players if too transparent. This information can be exploited by other players, and it follows that a mixed strategy may be more appropriate.
Some work has been done into the psychology of Uno as it relates to individual and group behavior[3]. Players may exhibit physical tells[4], in which a subtle, often repeated, visual cue inadvertently reveals their state of mind during a game. Alternatively, they may change their playing style; switching from an aggressive card-shedding strategy to a more subdued one, or vice versa.
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Sunday, December 27, 2009
MANDI HUJAN DI ULU YAM
KUALA TAHAN NASIONAL PARK
Wednesday, December 23, 2009
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
DAH BERUBAH!!!
Penghujung tahun lepas, saya pernah datang ke sini. Masa tu tempat tu memang "port ceria" untuk lepak sambil menikmati pemandangan indah Kuala Lumpur pada waktu malam dan menghirup udara yang segar dan nyaman. Tapi sekarang, kawasan itu terang-benderang, dialuni alunan muzik rancak, hilang nature feel yang ada kat situ. Tak salah ada pembangunan, tapi biarlah bertempat. Potong mood nak lepak kat situ. Kat bawah ada pusat tourism, tapi takkan dengan senang-lenang tempat tu dilepaskan? Bagi saya hilang tarikan Bukit Langat yang dulunya menara itu adalah tempat awam. Apa punya tur???
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Sunday, December 20, 2009
DAH JUMPA!!!
Keesokkan harinya saya berjumpa dengannya dan menyerahkan biodata yang diminta. Tapi saya juga pandai auta mengatakan ada jugak "orang" yang nak berkenalan dengannya padahal orang itu adalah saya sendiri. Hahahaa... Biodata yang diminta pun dapat. Saya memberanikan diri bertanya siapakah orang yang meminta biodata saya tu? dan dengan perlahan "DIA" menjawab bahawa "orang" itu adalah dirinya sendiri. Senyum lebar la saya time tu.
Sedar tak sedar, dah sampai hari terakhir kursus. Berkemas untuk pulang. Sekarang ni yang saya ingat masa kursus tu cuma "DIA" dan budak yang kami semua panggil KEMANG. Sebab kepala dia tak pernah lekang ngan snow cap yang tertera tulisan "Teluk Kemang" sepanjang kursus tu.
Semasa hendak bergerak pulang, saya dan "DIA" sempat duduk bersama dan berbual untuk kali terakhir. Sempat saya mengambil alamat dan nombor telefon rumahnya. Selepas beberapa ketika, kami berpisah kerana menaiki bas yang berbeza. Saya ke Utara "DIA" ke Selatan (Port Dickson).
Selepas kursus tersebut saya masih lagi berhubung dengannya melalui utusan surat. Boleh kata tiap-tiap bulan sampai surat hinggalah sampai waktu "DIA" tukar sekolah ke Sekolah Sains Muar, Johor pada tahun 2000. Semakin lama semakin lambat dan akhirnya tiada surat yang sampai. "DIA" ada memberikan alamat emailnya, tapi malangnya time tu saya betul-betul buta IT. Hahaha... Surat-surat yang saya terima masih tersimpan sehingga sekarang. (Kenangan)
Semasa di UiTM Arau, saya mula celik IT dan menggunakan kesempatan yang ada seperti Friendster dan MySpace untuk mencari "DIA" tetapi gagal. Semasa di UiTM Shah Alam pulak, saya ada menceritakan perihal ini kepada sahabat saya Lan a.k.a. Perjalanan. Kami plan nak pergi mencarinya di PD sebab alamatnya saya masih ada. Tapi masa pulak yang menghalang untuk menjalankan misi mencari tersebut. Sehinggalah suatu ketika (sekarang), terdetik dihati untuk menaip namanya dalam Facebook. Tup, terus nama dan gambarnya terpapar di skrin. Teruja jugak bila dah jumpa. Bila diperhatikan gambarnya, memang sah "DIA" yang saya cari.
Niat saya mencari "DIA" bukan kerana apa, cuma atas dasar nak jumpa balik setelah 10 tahun. Saya juga mengklasifikasikan "DIA" sebagai PENPAL. Sekarang contact number dah dapat cuma belum ketemu saja lagi. Dia sekarang bertugas di Perak dan keluarganya telahpun berpindah di Seri Kembangan. Harap-harap dapatla berjumpa kelak.
JUMPA JUGAK AKHIRNYA>>>>
P/S: Sekadar nak berkongsi cerita. Apa-apa pun CK tetap dihati...